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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/476
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| Title: | Ignition, Combustion, Toxicity and Fire Retardancy of Polyurethane Foams: a Comprehensive Review |
| Authors: | Singh, Harpal
Jain, A K |
| Keywords: | Additives
Halogenated
Thermogravimetric
2008
Ignition
Combustion
Polyurethane foams |
| Issue Date: | 19-Oct-2011 |
| Abstract: | This review provides insight into the ignition,
combustion, smoke, toxicity, and fire-retardant performance
of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams.
This review also covers various additive and reactive fireretardant
approaches adopted to render polyurethane
foams fire-retardant. Literature sources are mostly technical
publications, patents, and books published since 1961.
It has been found by different workers that polyurethane
foams are easily ignitable and highly flammable, support
combustion, and burn quite rapidly. They are therefore
required to be fire-retardant for different applications.
Polyurethane foams during combustion produce a large
quantity of vision-obscuring smoke. The toxicity of the
combustion products is much higher than that of many
other manmade polymers because of the high concentrations
of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Polyurethane
foams have been rendered fire-retardant by the
incorporation of phosphorus-containing compounds, halogen-
containing compounds, nitrogen-containing additives,
silicone-containing products, and miscellaneous
organic and inorganic additives. Some heat-resistant
groups such as carbodiimide-, isocyanurate-, and nitrogencontaining
heterocycles formed with polyurethane foams
also render urethane foams fire-retardant. Fire-retardant
additives reduce the flammability, smoke level, and toxicity
of polyurethane foams with some degradation in other
characteristics. It can be concluded that despite many
significant attempts, no commercial solution to the fire
retardancy of polyurethane foams without some loss of
physical and mechanical properties is available. VVC 2008
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 1115–1143, 2009 |
| Description: | Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 1115-1143, 2009. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/476 |
| Appears in Collections: | Published Articles
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