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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/470
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| Title: | Effect of Phosphorus-Nitrogen Additives on Fire Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams |
| Authors: | Singh, Harpal
Jain, A K
Sharma, T P |
| Keywords: | Rigid polyurethane foam
Impregnation
Thermal stability
Fire retardant
Burning rate
Percent mass loss
Oxygen index
Smoke density
Combustion
Smouldering
2008
Phosphorus-nitrogen additives |
| Issue Date: | 19-Oct-2011 |
| Abstract: | A flame retardant composition was prepared
from phosphorus-melamine-urea-formaldehyde
(PMUF) reaction. The flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane
foam (RPUF) was studied by impregnating it with
various concentrations of PMUF. Optimum impregnation
time, retention and density of RPUF samples with PMUF
were also studied. The morphology, elemental analysis,
and thermal stability of RPUF and RPUF-PMUF samples
were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
CHNS analyzer, and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) and,
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric
(DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), respectively.
The deposition of PMUF on the cell walls and surfaces
was exhibited by decreased cell size from 357 to 285
(65) lm. CHNS and EDX studies show the introduction of
phosphorus and nitrogen into the RPUF-PMUF samples.
The degradation of RPUF and RPUF-PMUF samples was
occurred through two and three stages in nitrogen and air,
respectively. RPUF-PMUF samples are decomposed comparatively
at lower temperature than RPUF which is
resulted into large amount of high temperature stable char
residue. This char residue acts as insulating blanket and
protects RPUF-PMUF from fire. Fire performance and
smoke density of RPUF and RPUF-PMUF samples were
investigated with BS: 4735, ASTM D2863 and ASTM E662,
respectively. RPUF-PMUF samples demonstrate reduced
extent burnt from 125 to 27 mm, burning rate 2.23–0.44
mm/s and percent mass loss (PML) from 100 to 8.82%.
Oxygen index was also increased from 17.8 to 23.8. Dm
results obtained during smoke density tests show that
RPUF-PMUF generates less and delayed smoke than RPUF
under flaming and nonflaming mode. 2008 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 109: 2718–2728, 2008 |
| Description: | Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 2718-2728, 2008. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/470 |
| Appears in Collections: | Published Articles
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